Articles marked with an * are required readings.

Week 1 (19 Sep): Introduction: Why ask the question ‘What is science?’

• Bschir, K., Lohse, S., & Chang, H. (forthcoming). Introduction: Systematicity, the Nature of Science? Synthese.
• Psillos, S. (2012). What is General Philosophy of Science? Journal for General Philosophy of Science, 43(1), 93–103.

Week 2 (19 Sep): Introduction to the philosophy of science

• *Okasha, S. (2002). Philosophy of Science: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Chapter 1: What is Science? & Chapter 2: Scientific Reasoning)
• Hoyningen-Huene, P. (2013). Systematicity: The nature of science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Introduction).

Week 3 (3 Oct): Early inductivism

• *Peirce, Ch. S. (1932). Deduction, Induction, Hypothesis (1878). In C. Hartshorne (Ed.), Collected Papers Volume II. Elements of Logic (pp. 372–388). Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
• Mill, J. S. 1868. “Book 3, Ch. VII, The Four Methods of Experimental Inquiry.” In A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence, and the Methods of Scientific Investigation. Volume 1., 225–448. London: Longmans, Green.
• Whewell, W. (2014). Of certain Characteristics of Scientific Induction. In The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences: Founded upon their History (1840) (Vol. 2, pp. 212–239). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Laudan, L. (1971). William Whewell on the consilience of inductions. The Monist, 55(3), 368–391.
• Bowler, P. J., & Morus, I. R. (2005). Making modern science: A historical survey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Chaper 5 The Age of the Earth & chaper 6 The Darwinian Revolution.)

Week 4 (10 Oct): Logical empiricism

• *Neurath, O., Hahn, H., & Carnap, R. (1973). The Scientific Conception of the Word: The Vienna Circle (1929). In O. Neurath (Ed.), Empiricism and Sociology (pp. 299–318). Dordrecht: Reidel. (German original available here).
• Feigl, H. (1956). Some major issues and developments in the philosophy of science of logical empiricism. In Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science, Volume 1, The foundations of science and the concepts of psychology and psychoanalysis (pp. 3–37). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• Hempel, C. G. (1966). Philosophy of Natural Science. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. (Chapter 2: Scientific Inquiry. Invention and Test & Chapter 3: Test of a Hypothesis: Its Logic and its Force).
  
• Uebel T. (2016). Vienna Circle. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
• Beebee, Helen. 2006. Hume on Causation. London: Routledge. (Introduction).
• Ladyman, James. 2002. Understanding Philosophy of Science. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. (Chapter 1 Induction and Inductivism & Chapter 2 The Problem of Induction and Other Problems with Inductivism).

Week 5 (17 Oct): Wrap-up session

Week 6 (24 Oct): Critical rationalism

• *Popper, K. R. (2002). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London; New York: Routledge. (Chapter 1: A Survey of Some Fundamental Problems).
• Thornton, S. (2016). Karl Popper. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).

Week 7 (31 Oct): Kuhn’s theory of scientific revolutions and the rebirth of HPS

• *Kuhn, T. S. (1996). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Introduction. A Role for History).
• Hoyningen-Huene, P. (1993). Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions: Thomas S. Kuhn’s Philosophy of Science. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press.
• Bird, A. (2013). Thomas Kuhn. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)

Week 8 (7 Nov): Feyerabend’s Pluralism

• *Feyerabend, P. (2010). Against Method (forth. ed.). London; New York: Verso. (Introduction & Chapter 1).
• Feyerabend, P. K. (1978). Science in a free society. London: Verso.
• Bschir, K. (2015). Feyerabend and Popper on Theory Proliferation and Anomaly Import: On the Compatibility of Theoretical Pluralism and Critical Rationalism. HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science, 5(1), 24–55.

Week 9 (14 Nov): Systematicity Theory

• *Hoyningen-Huene, P. (2013). Systematicity: The nature of science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Chapter 2: The Main Thesis).
• Oreskes, N. (2017). Systematicity is necessary but not sufficient: on the problem of facsimile science. Synthese.
  
• Presentation by Bin Bin Pearce. Title: What is (transdisciplinary) science?

Week 10 (21 Nov): No session

Week 11 (28 Nov): Social theory of science

• *Longino, H. E. (1990). Science as social knowledge: Values and objectivity in scientific inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Introduction: Good Science, Bad Science).
• Longino, H. E. (1990). Science as social knowledge: Values and objectivity in scientific inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Conclusion: Social Knowledge).
• Gibbons, M. (1999). Science’s new social contract with society. Nature, 402, 81–84.

Week 12 (5 Dec): Phil. of Sci. in the context of research projects at ETH

• Presentation by Marius Wälchli  & Benedikt Knüsel. Title: Combining Theory with Big Data – Predictions in the Climate Sciences

Week 13 (12 Dec): Feminist philosophy of science

• *Harding, S. (1992). Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What is “Strong Objectvity?” The Centennial Review, 36(3), 437–470.
• Wylie, Alison. (2003). Why Standpoint Matters. In Science and Other Cultures: Issues in Philosophies of Science and Technology, edited by Robert Figueroa and Sandra G Harding. Routledge.
• Haslanger, S. (2000). Gender and Race: (What) Are They? (What) Do We Want Them to Be? Nous, 34(1), 31–55.

Week 14 (19 Dec): Wrap-up session